The vexing question called the Synoptic Problem has long interested New Testament scholars. Woods weighs in on this question providing evidence for Mark’s priority based on the use of language in the Gospels.

The classic hagiography of Saint George is presented here by E. W. Brooks. He gives a critical edition of the Syriac accompanied by an annotated English translation of the Acts. The “Acts of Saint George” stands in the tradition of early Christian devotional and historical records, and is a standard source for information about this formative saint.

The three essays in this volume address the physical, historical and literary features of what were at the time two of the very earliest clearly datable manuscripts of the Pentateuch known to exist.

Presenting an original translation with introduction and commentary as well as an edited Hebrew text along with critical notes, this is an excellent resource for the study of the book of Nahum, both for the layperson and the scholar.

This article contributes to the knowledge of Jacob of Edessa’s (d. 708) Old Testament revision by editing twenty texts (a total of 80 verses) from the Book of Isaiah and comparing them with the Greek recensions of the Septuagint, with the Peshitta, and the Syrohexapla. Two special features are introduced to set out Jacob’s revision technique in some detail: 1. comparison with an earlier undeveloped stage of Jacob’s revision extant in Ms Add 17,134 of the British Library; and 2. the distinction (by different colours and fonts) of the ‘traditions’ involved in the definite stage of his revision. Both features point to the emphasis given to the Peshitta in translating the substantial Greek text of the Old Testament.

The Christian era in Syriac and Arabic sources does not always correspond with the western calculations. Until quite recently the members of the Syriac churches used the era of the Seleucids (of Alexander the Great; East and West Syrians) as the era of the creation of Adam (Melkites). The use of the Christian era became more common from the 16th century, due to the closer contacts between the Oriental and the Latin churches.

Extracted from Arthur Penrhyn Stanley’s Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church, this set of lectures examines two of the most famous participants of the Council of Nicea, the Emperor Constantine and Saint Athanasius. Together these two figures largely define the Council of Nicea, and their portraits are vividly portrayed here by an eminent church historian.

A. J. Frothingham discusses Byzantine influences in the art and architecture of medieval Rome, bringing to light the influence of Byzantium on Italy beyond the fall of the Western empire.

This paper presents the very few surviving inscriptions from this period before Mummius' sack of Corinth and includes some of the few Greek decrees known at the time of the writing of the paper.

Dinsmoor suggests a reconstruction of the fragmented Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, one of the wonders of the ancient world and a model for several modern monuments.

James Rendel Harris uses known statistics of ancient autographs (that is, the original version of a written document) to posit the general appearance of the epistles in their original form.

Egon Wellesz presents here an in-depth survey of Christian music in the Byzantine tradition. Wellesz discusses the present state of research and the problems inherent in such a survey, and describes the notation and symbols used in the manuscript tradition.

Descriptions of the Holy Lands abound, yet each offers a unique perspective. Anton Baumstark publishes here an Arabic version of one such description accompanied by a brief introduction to the text and a Latin translation.

Anton Baumstark compares the description of various holy sites in Jerusalem from the Byzantine age in a neglected source—a tenth-century Typikon of Anastasis—with the descriptions found in other ancient texts.

Oskar Braun provides a brief introduction to the life and career of Patriarch Timothy I, including a list of his writings with special attention to his letters and the Syriac text and German translation for five of Timothy’s letters.

John Leverett Moore, in this doctoral thesis for Johns Hopkins University, examines the methods by which Servius organized his commentary on Virgil.

Wallace Martin Lindsay addresses the still unresolved problem of Saturnian meter in early Latin poetry, presenting the case for the accent-based meter over the quantitative.

This volume contains proceedings of a conference on whether and how to attempt to convert the Muslim world to Christianity, held during the First Balkan War

Textual analysis and source criticism of the printed texts of Augustine’s City of God.

Approaching the question of Purim historically, Haupt notes that the book of Esther was composed during the reign of Judas Maccabeus, and he correlates the festival to the Babylonian New Year. He discusses the origin of the title “purim” from various languages, ultimately deciding on the Old Persian explanation. Moving forward, Haupt brings the festival into the more modern period, showing how the ancient tradition continues to exist. A useful resource for anyone interested in turn-of-the-century thought on the origins of an enigmatic biblical festival, this contribution is both readable to the layperson and scholarly as well.

An extremely provocative text, Bishara pleads the case of the Arab-American to be seen and treated as equal members of American society. An insightful peek into Arab-American self-identity around the turn of the 20th century, Bishara’s essay is of interest to ethnographer and historian alike.

Among the most important chronological questions of Christianity in the second century is the date of St. Polycarp’s martyrdom. Turner scours the evidence to determine a precise date, based on comparison between the Roman and Asiatic calendars and other historical references. This dating in turn helps to date Irenaeus and St. John.

White takes the reader through a historical puzzle revolving around the date of the Vulgate manuscript Codex Amiatinus. He demonstrates that the manuscript falls in the eighth century and traces its origins to Italy.

This essay by Gwilliam explores the vital role of the Syriac Peshitta for textual criticism of the New Testament. While maintaining the priority of the Greek, Gwilliam explores connections and disagreements between the Syriac and the traditional text. An apology for the Peshitto and problems associated with it are openly discussed.

In this site report Armstrong presents the surviving evidence for both the Volscian remains and the subsequent Roman settlement including sections on the inscriptions, site topography and history, and plans.