This paper examines the “muscular Christianity” phenomenon in Mel Gibson’s 2004 film The Passion of the Christ and Ernest Hemingway’s 1926 short play, “Today is Friday.”

Robinson Ellis reviews the debate surrounding the Ciris, an epic in miniature often attributed to Virgil, though never confirmed to be that poet's work.

Frederick Coneybeare analyzes old Armenian codices of Plato's Apology in order to demonstrate the weakness of the chief codex used to support the Greek text.

Reading notes and commentary to Tacitus' Dialogus de oratoribus, a little-known yet key work in Tacitus' ouvre.

R. B. Steele classifies Livy's use of the gerund and gerundive in his history of Rome, providing insight into the regular useage of this rather irregular feature of Latin grammar.

Kelley Rees examines the question of whether or not the parodoi of Greco-Roman theaters conventionally represented specific destinations relative to the city/ stage.

Marius Besson presents the critical text of two manuscripts containing an apophthegmatic text with sayings attributed to Isaac of Nineveh. The text also includes a separate apparatus with references to parallel texts in various early Christian documents.

Paul Vetter presents the Armenian text, along with a Greek translation, of the “Gnostic Martyrdom of Peter” from the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. The article also includes an appendix in which Vetter describes the manuscripts used in the collation.

Kyriakos, Patriarch of Antioch, was an influential figure in the development of the Syriac Monophysite tradition. Karl Kaiser presents here a brief but important survey of his life and publishes the Syriac text of a liturgy attributed to Kyriakos.

In this study, Haneberg focuses on three prominent authors of the Church of the East: Theodore of Mopsuestia, Narsai, and Babai the Great. He includes three short poems from each author in vocalized Syriac together with a German translation.

As the oldest organized religion in Sassanian Iraq, Judaism serves as a kind of model for other religious organizations in the region. After considering the growth of Judaism in Iraq during the Sassanian period, Morony notes the connections between the Jewish and Aramaean populations as well as the intermixed ethnic communities in which Jews played a part. Social, administrative, and religious issues are all considered. Messianic expectations as they continued to develop in the Jewish community in diaspora round out this discussion of Judaism as a fully developed religion in Iraq under Islamic rule.

With a focus on the Kitāb Ādāb al-falāsifah, a book of aphorisms attributed to Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq, some of the important aspects of the Kitāb are laid out, particularly those dealing with religion and the pursuit of philosophy. Although putatively, translators and scholars such as Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq, opened the way for philosophical dialogue between Muslims and Christians of Orthodox churches on precepts, often based on Aristotle, which they could agree would lead to wisdom and a humane society.

In the west centuries ago manuscripts were replaced by printed books, and relegated to mostly secular libraries as a result of religious and political upheavals. In the Christian Orient such changes were slower and remain less advanced. Manuscripts have not entirely vanished from regular use, and Christian communities retain ownership of significant collections of their historic manuscripts. The vital connection between manuscripts and religious culture endures, even if attenuated by persecution, diaspora, technology, and other aspects of modernity. This essay provides an historical survey of these issues in both Europe and the Christian Orient (limited here to the Middle East, the Caucasus, and Ethiopia/Eritrea).

Paul Haupt argues for the existence of an e-vowel in Ugaritic, a vowel whose existence is difficult to prove in the consonant-free script of Semitic language.

Milton W. Humphreys explores the development of the comic agon – that is, the contest-in-words that is the heart of Athenian drama and a reflection of the speech competitions in Athenian politics.

Allen offers a series of inscriptions from Palestine copied by the Rev. Dr. Selah Merrill in the years I875-77, in the course of journeys undertaken under the auspices of the American Palestine Exploration Society.

Basil Gildersleeve, a prolific scholar of Greek and Latin grammar, here analyzes the development of the final clause in Ancient Greek from Homer to the Athenian dramatists.

David Robinson, the first to excavate the ancient city of Olynthos, presents his second report on the site and his excavations.

Billheimer uses surviving amended Athenian decrees to reverse-engineer the legislative process that may have produced them, and the subsequent steps that intervened between the voting and promulgation of an amendment.

Basil Gildersleeve, a prolific scholar of Greek and Latin grammar, here analyzes the difficult syntax of Pindar, paying particular attention to dependent clauses and conditional statements.

The first of Carl Blegen's reports on the excavation of Troy for the American Journal of Archeology detailing a small residential area.

George Lyman Kittredge examines the medieval romance of Sir Orfeo against its classical predecessor in Ovid's Metamorphoses.

This is the site report from the excavation of the North cemetery in Corinth and represents a continuation of the report from the 1929 season, which began the excavation.

This paper discusses the tales of Heracles as told in vase-paintings, which often represent earlier or more popular versions of the stories than those preserved in upper-class literature.

Arthur Frothingham, one of the founding fathers of Art History, here discusses the problem of the Gorgon in ancient Greek art by arguing that Medusa represents a lost prehistoric goddess.