History

In the Anglican Communion, the medieval practice, which certainly had some earlier roots, continued—that ordination came to any one individual in this 'sequence': deacon, presbyter, bishop. The Anglican ordinal was so committed to this pattern at the Reformation that Cranmer's text prayed that deacons 'may so well use themselves in this inferior office, that they may be found worthy to be called unto higher ministries in thy Church.' Latterly, however, Anglicans have not only sought to develop the calling of a deacon in his or her own right, but have in some places and cases promoted the idea that the true calling of a deacon and of a presbyter would be best clarified by a separate 'direct' ordination. John Gibaut, a liturgical theologian of the Anglican Church of Canada, presents the case for 'direct' ordination—rooting it in the patristic era, and spelling out its implications in the present day.

The communion of infants is different from the admission of children at, say, seven or eight. Both practices traditionally require baptism, and either may require confimation/chrysmation as well. But infant communion never requires a measure of 'understanding', whereas child communion does. As yet there is no comprehensive history of infant communion. Several learned attempts were made during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but there were major gaps in their treatment and much that today needs amending. Thanks to the work of JDC Fisher and DR Holeton, many of these gaps have now been filled. I have drawn significantly on their work, as well as on an article of my own in CQR in 1966, but I have also sought to fill in more of the gaps.

The liturgy of the Church of England is primarily located in The Book of Common Prayer (1662), but from the mid-20th century it has been enriched and supplemented by a range of authorized alternative services. Most of these were initially collected in The Alternative Service Book 1980 (ASB). From 1986 to 2005 there was a comprehensive revision and enlargement in the scope of alternative services. These, combined with the main elements of the 1662 tradition, are now published in Common Worship. The planning, drafting and processing of this work lay with the Liturgical Commission of the Church of England, and JLS 57 charts the separate but interlocking processes which this involved from the perspective of the Commission's Secretary and chronicler throughout the period 1984-2002.

Liturgy is a subject which very quickly throws up a barrage of unfamiliar words to defeat the student, the lay enquirer—and even a good many clergy. The basis of this glossary was a simple word list compiled for students in the Cambridge Federation of Theological Colleges, but it has been expanded and rewritten by students at Ridley Hall.

The liturgies of the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church and the Lusitanian Church are presented here and introduced by a bishop of the Anglican communion.

The origins, methodologies, and uses of the Anaphoras of Sts. Basil and James are explored, along with examples.

Liturgical allegory has often flourished in the history of Christianity, despite persistent pruning by sceptical theologians through the ages. The full fruits of this growth ripened during the Middle Ages, as preserved in the pages of Latin and Byzantine liturgical commentaries.

En este libro se analizan los conflictos y las negociaciones que transformaron las modalidades del comercio en América Latina durante las llamadas guerras de la independencia tanto de sus rasgos comunes como de la variedad de situaciones regionales

A discussion of the Gortyn law code, one of the earliest known in the Greek world. This is an edition, translation and commentary on the Gortyn law code with introduction.

An article tracing the development of the Ionic column from Egyptian lotus motifs through Assyrian rosettes and Cypriot pottery motifs.

Site report of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens (ASCSA) detailing the major finds and excavation of the Attic deme of Ikaria in Athens.

Survey of finds and literary sources documenting the cities of imperial Roman Phrygia's borderlands.

In the tradition of Schliemann's search for Troy, Clarke uses literary and topographic data to suggest site locations for the ancient cities of Gargara, Lampascus, and Pionia in the Troad.

Edward Capps addresses the problem of the movement of the dramatic chorus from its position in the orchestra during the 5th century BC to its elevated position above the actors in Vitruvius.

A. J. Frothingham discusses Byzantine influences in the art and architecture of medieval Rome, bringing to light the influence of Byzantium on Italy beyond the fall of the Western empire.

The site report for the University of Pennsylvania's excavation of Nippur in Iraq. The detailed excavation report includes photographs, diagrams, and topographical map.

A discussion of the works and school of Andokides, a famous Greek vase-painter of the 6th century active in the transitional period from black to red figure decoration.

In this dissertation Dennison links the text of Suetonius to surviving epigraphical texts. This piece includes texts and commentaries and is an invaluable article for any study of Suetonius, particularly in a classroom setting.

In this article Cooley argues that the location of the rebuilt temple of Athena Polias was separate from the Erechtheion, and provides a table of literary citations concerning the temple and its precint.

Rufus B. Richardson, the director of the American School of Classical Studies in Athens at the time of this paper, publishes the discovery of the fountain of Pirene in Corinth.

An overview of the topographic, architectural, and epigraphical remains at Gortyna, a Roman-era city in Crete.

In this paper Waldstein suggests a rough dating scheme for artifacts dated to the period between the Mycenean and Archaic periods, moving from a Homer-centric system to one based on material culture.

In this series, A. J. Frothingham Jr. reviews previously unstudied papal buildings, suggesting new members of the schools of Laurentius and Paulus and linking specific artists to various buildings.

McMurtry's original site report on the excavation of the Theater of Sikyon near Corinth. Sikyon (or Sicyon) boasts a well preserved Greek theater whose excavation illuminates the structures which supported Greek drama.

Plataia (Plataea) is one of the key sites for Historians, Classicists, and Archaeologists with interest in Greek antiquity. This is the original site report for Plataia (Platea), including an edict of Diocletian, inscriptions, and description of the battlefield.